|
OCTOBER MEETING
A Retrospective Look
at the Italian Republican Tradition
|
Our speaker in October will be member Tony Perrone, who
will discuss the causes and factors underlying the spirit of Italian Republicanism
throughout history. By means of a comprehensive slide presentation,
Tony will examine the roots and sources of the Italian Republican tradition
from the time of the Roman Republic, which pre-dated the Empire, through
the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, culminating with the events of World
War II leading to the establishment of the present Republic in 1946.
Anthony Perrone is a former Professor of Spanish Language
and Literature at Lindenwood University as well as a popular teacher of
Italian language throughout the St. Louis Metropolitan area. Italian
born, he still maintains a home in Sicily and has had a life-long passion
for Italian history and current affairs. He lives in a beautifully
restored 19th century home in old St. Charles where he enjoys la dolce
vita del buon gustaio.
|
Next Meeting Wednesday, October 17, 2001
Cocktails 6:30 PM - Dinner 7:00 PM
Da Baldo's Restaurant
|

RECAP OF SEPTEMBER
MEETING
Sacred Spaces - Medieval Tuscan
Altarpieces
|
Mary Beth Carosello could not be at the meeting to make
the presentation, so Lou Carosello, her father, gave it in her place.
Lou has been a commercial artist for 25 years and for the past 20 years
has been the Senior Art Director for Busch Creative Service Corporation.
Inspired by Mary Beth’s interest in art history and his own appreciation
of artistic expression, Lou spent considerable time searching out and viewing
examples of religious art pertinent to the discussion of medieval altarpieces.
Their combined efforts culminated in a lively and informative presentation.
The Middle Ages have been traditionally known as the period
that occurs between the fall of the Roman Empire and the Renaissance.
Although they were called the Dark Ages, it was a time rich in tradition
of art and culture, preserving classical ideas and developing new ones.
During this period, the Church was the central force, commissioning art
works and providing inspiration for the pieces that were being created.
Lou took us on a visual trip back to the Middle Ages showing
us pictures of Florence and the church of Santa Croce. In
the church your eyes move to the high altar and to the crucifix that hangs
above it. The Crucifix in the St. Louis Art Museum painted
by an unknown Tuscan artist in the mid 1300 is very similar to the
one in Santa Croce. The body is static, it is not sustained
by the arms, and does not follow the law of gravity. The stomach
is slightly distended to show a realistic reaction to the crucifixion but
the artist falls slightly short of being successful because he relies entirely
on lines rather than on light and shadow. This use of line becomes
particularly noticeable in the area of the halo: Jesus’ head has
lolled forward but the halo remains on the axis. A Poor Clare much
smaller in size, probably representing the Franciscan order that commissioned
the cross, is worshiping at Jesus’ feet. The pelicans above the crucifix
have a double meaning: mother pelicans were thought to kill themselves
so their young can drink their blood and live, reminding the viewer of
Christ’s sacrifice; in another meaning, the serpent, enemy of the pelican,
kills her young, the mother mourns and pierces her own heart, and as her
life seeps out of her, the blood brings her brood back to life, reminding
the viewer of both the sacrifice and the rebirth of Christ.
The crucifixion was, of course, a popular commission, but
equally in demand were variations on the Madonna and Child of which we
examined three pieces that are also part of the Saint Louis Art Museum’s
collection of altarpieces. The first is the Sterbini Triptych
by Andrea di Cione, called Orcagna (1308-1368) a Florentine artist
who was considered one of the six best painters of his time. The
altarpiece is one of the gems of the museum’s collection. The Madonna
is not on a throne but is placed in an almond-shaped space called mandorla
with six angels kneeling before her. The flowers are lilies, symbols
of purity. Orcagna uses intense color to create volume, as shown
by the thick pigment of the Virgin’s robe. Mary is holding the child
Christ up in a gesture that is more majestic than naturalistic. The
child is reaching up, both in a blessing and a natural movement.
On the right side of this triptych are St. Peter, Mary Magdalene, John
the Baptist and St. Francis of Assisi; on the left St. Stephen, St. Paul,
St.Catherine and St. Zenobius, a patron of Florence. All are portrayed
with the clothes and the emblems that make them recognizable to the worshiper
now as in the past.
The next altarpiece Madonna with Child and Angels
is by Spinello Aretino (Arezzo 1350-1410). Being the son of a
goldsmith, he has a jeweler’s approach to painting, with a fresh sense
of color and the use of bold shapes. The virgin’s face is soft but
she is still an icon with gold background. She sits on a throne that
is also a church, a structure that
serves to create depth. Her robe, embroidered with stella
maris, was once of a rich blue made from crushed lapis lazuli,
but that layer has since flaked off and only the tempera base remains.
Christ’s robe is embroidered with birds representing both the Holy Spirit
and the soul’s resurrection.
The final altarpiece from the museum’s collection is another
triptych, Madonna and Child Enthroned with Saints by Lorenzo di Niccolò
(1368-1415). The Virgin sits on a marble throne with the Child, surrounded
by saints as in the traditional altarpieces, but here the figure of St.
Christopher stands out for its elegant demeanor, revealing the influence
of Ghiberti, who at this time was carving the doors of the Baptistery.
|
|

L’ANGOLO DEL PRESIDENTE
By Gene Mariani |
WELCOME NEW MEMBER
|
We are pleased to announce that Marianne Molla Klein
was elected a member of the Italian Club at the September 19 meeting.
Marianne traces her Italian ancestry to the Region of Lombardy. She
was sponsored for membership by Carolyn Stelzer and Marie Cuccia
Brand. |
|
ELECTION OF DIRECTOR
There will be an election for a new Director held at the
October meeting. The person elected will serve a three-year term
on the Board commencing at the January 2002 meeting. Any member wishing
to run for this office should inform the Club Secretary, Marie Cuccia-Brand
at 993-2252 or by email to mcucciasbj@aol.com
by October 10, 2001. Your name will be added to the ballot.
|
|
|
|
|
ANNOUNCEMENTS
ITALIAN CLUB SEMINAR
|
The Italian Club of St. Louis will continue its classical
Italian literature series this fall with a seminar on the poems of Giacomo
Leopardi, one of the most important authors in Italian literature.
Like the recent seminar on Dante, it will be led by Prof. Carla Bossola.
The lecture portion of each session will be in Italian followed by a discussion
in which participants may ask questions, make comments, or review pertinent
points in English. The sessions will be held on Tuesday evenings
from 7:00- 8:00 p.m. starting October 9 and running through November 13.
For more information or to make reservations please contact Barbara Klein
at barbara201@aol.com or Eugene Mariani by telephone 314-352-5484.
|
|
IL GENERALE DELLA ROVERE
AT THE SAINT LOUIS ART MUSEUM
|
Il Generale della Rovere, starring Vittorio De Sica, will
be shown on Friday, October 19, 2001, at 7:30 p.m. at The Saint Louis Art
Museum Auditorium in a program sponsored by the Italian Club of St. Louis
and The Saint Louis Art Museum to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the
birth of De Sica, one of Italy’s greatest film directors and actors.
The screening of Generale della Rovere is a rare opportunity for St. Louisans
to view what is considered to be one of the highlights of De Sica’s acting
career, one in which he gives a deeply moving portrayal of a petty Genovese
swindler who is jailed by the Nazis and forced to impersonate a war resistance
leader.
Il Generale della Rovere, directed by Roberto Rossellini,
won the Golden Lion as Best Film at the 1959 Venice Film Festival and was
nominated for an Oscar for Best Writing, Story and Screenplay. Dr.
Carla
Bossola, a lecturer sponsored by the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs,
will discuss De Sica’s career and introduce the film. A graduate
of Rome’s Sapienza University, Bossola is currently teaching Italian
film, language and literature at Washington University and St. Louis University.
In Italian with English subtitles.
Tickets are $4 general admission, $3 for members of The Saint Louis
Art Museum or the Italian Club of St. Louis, and may be purchased at the
door.
|
|
CONDOLENCES |
The Board of Directors wishes to extend its sympathy to the following
members who have lost relatives during the past month: to Monsignor
Salvatore Polizzi on the death of his sister Phyllis Polizzi; to Marie
Wehrle and her husband George Wehrle on the death of George’s brother,
Francis Wehrle, in Victorville, California; and to Gabriele Lancia and
his wife Josephine on the death of Gabriel’s uncle Antonino Lancia.
|
|
COLUMBUS DAY CEREMONY
|
Members are urged to attend a wreath-laying ceremony sponsored
by the Federation of Italian-American Organizations in honor of Christopher
Columbus at 10:30 am on Friday, October 12 in Tower Grove Park.
In addition to Federation President Vito Tamboli, the Italian
Community will be represented by Joseph Colagiovanni, Honorary Vice Consul
of Italy, Cav. Antonino Lombardo, COMITES representative and publisher
of the Il Pensiero newspaper and representatives of various other Italian-American
organizations.
Through the efforts of member Joseph Torrisi, children
from several St. Louis Public Schools will also attend the ceremony.
Thanks to the generosity of Southwest Bank, a memorial tree will by presented
to Tower Grove Park in honor of Columbus. There will be a reception
following the ceremonies. The Columbus Day Statue is located near
the Grand Avenue entrance to the Park. |
|
The Italian Club of St. Louis
|
|
|
I capolavori della poesia italiana
35. Giosue Carducci (Valdicastello 1835 – Bologna 1907),
figlio di un medico condotto che fu processato come carbonaro, seguì
la carriera di insegnante. Nel 1860 ottennne la cattedra di eloquenza italiana
all’università di Bologna e divenne il poeta ufficiale del nuovo
Regno d’Italia. Nel 1906 ricevette il premio Nobel per la letteratura.
Pianto antico fa parte della raccolta Rime nuove, pubblicata a Bologna
nel 1887. La lirica esprime il dolore del poeta alla morte del figlio
Dante, la cui vita fu trocata dalla difterite mentre era ancora bambino.
Pianto antico
di Giosue Carducci
L’albero a cui tendevi
la pargoletta mano,
il verde melograno
da’ bei vermigli fior,
nel muto orto solingo
rinverdì tutto or ora
e giugno lo ristora
di luce e di calor.
Tu fior de la mia pianta
percossa e inaridita
tu dell’inutil vita
estremo unico fior,
sei ne la terra fredda,
sei ne la terra negra;
né il sol più ti rallegra
né ti risveglia amor.
|
|
LA STORIA D’ITALIA
(Continua dal numero precedente)
27. Traiano (53 - 117) (Imperatore 98 - 117).
Traiano è considerato il primo dei cosiddetti “buoni” imperatori,
che vanno da lui a Marc’Aurelio. Durante il loro impero Roma raggiunse
l’epoca aurea.
Marco Ulpio Traiano, il primo imperatore nato nelle province, nacque
ad Italica, in Spagna, in una colonia romana fondata da Scipione l'Africano
e da lui popolata con i veterani del suo esercito. La sua famiglia era
di origine romana, benché mischiata con gente del luogo. Suo
padre aveva fatto una brillantissima carriera nelle alte cariche dell'esercito
e dell'amministrazione romana ed aveva ottenuto il titolo di patrizio,
titolo molto ambito che veniva dato al gruppo più aristocratico
della classe senatoriale. Verso la metà degli anni 70 fu legionario
sotto il comando del padre in Siria. Al suo ritorno sposò Pompea
Plotina, che proveniva da Nimes, nella Gallia. Non ebbero figli,
perciò accolsero nella loro dimora Adriano, cugino di Traiano,
che Plotina amò come un figlio e che sarà il futuro imperatore.
Il suo potere non fu meno di quello dei suoi predecessori, ma il suo
stile fu molto diverso. Di carattere affabile e deciso, ebbe un ottimo
rapporto con i senatori, di cui riconosceva l’influenza e il prestigio
e di cui riuscì ad ottenere l’appoggio. Era un uomo intelligente
e abile che godeva grande popolarità tra i suoi soldati di cui era
stato generale durante gli ultimi 10 anni e di cui conosceva i nomi e condivideva
le vicissitudini. Condusse una vita dal tenore modesto e usò
le grandi ricchezze procurate dalle sue campagne militari per opere pubbliche
e sociali. Fu inoltre un ottimo amministratore e pose persone oneste
e capaci in posizioni di potere. Uno di questi fu Plinio il Giovane,
che Traiano nominò governatore della Bitinia, una delle province
romane sulla costa dell’Asia Minore. L’epistolario tra Plinio e Traiano
consiste di migliaia di lettere che costituiscono un importante documento
storico dell’epoca e una straordinaria biografia dell’imperatore, che si
rivela un uomo dotato di buon senso e di dirittura morale. Alla domanda
di Plinio su come comportarsi con i Cristiani, Traiano risponde che non
era opportuno perseguitarli per la loro religione ma soltanto se fossero
sediziosi contro l’autorità costituita. Questo atteggiamento
era in pieno accordo con la tolleranza praticata dai Romani verso le molte
divinità pagane e le varie religioni che giungevano a Roma dalle
province.
Nel primi anni Traiano non si dedicò ad estendere i confini dell’impero,
ma nel 101 riprese l’invasione della Dacia, che Domiziano era stato costretto
ad abbandonare dal re Decebalo. Traiano ne conquistò la capitale
e Decebalo si suicidò insieme alle sue truppe per non essere fatto
prigioniero.
La conquista della Dacia procurò molte ricchezze minerarie che
Traiano usò per costruire grandiose opere pubbliche a Roma, in Italia
e nelle province sotto la direzione del grande e famoso architetto Apollodoro
di Damasco; tra le più importanti sono i fori imperiali,
al centro dei quali fu eretta la statua dell’imperatore. Un altro
capolavoro è la colonna traiana, costruita per celebrare
la vittoria contro la Dacia. Questa famosa colonna è ancor oggi
la più eloquente testimonianza della gloria di Traiano.
Oltre alla Dacia, nel 105-106 Traiano aggiunse all’impero la provincia
dell’Arabia con la conquista del regno dei Nabatei.
Diverse donne ebbero un ruolo importante nella vita di Traiano: oltre
alla moglie Pompea Plotina, la sorella Marciana e Matidia,
sua figlia, che diventerà la moglie di Adriano, furono deificate
e onorate con monumenti e iscrizioni.
Nel 113 Traiano iniziò i preparativi per una guerra decisiva
contro i Parti che avevano messo sul trono il re Partamasiri senza l’approvazione
dei Romani. Attraversò l'Asia Minore e la Cilicia e verso la fine
dell'anno raggiunse Antiochia. In principio la sua spedizione fu
marcata dal successo, ma i territori conquistati furono molto duri da tenere
a causa delle continue insurrezioni delle popolazioni locali. Traiano
aveva sessant’anni e la durissima campagna durata tre anni, il deserto
e le misavventure lo avevano prostrato. Rientrato ad Antiochia, mentre
si preparava a tentare una nuova spedizione, fu colpito da una paralisi.
Affidò l'esercito in Siria ad Adriano e si imbarcò per fare
rientro in Italia ma si aggravò e fu costretto a fermarsi a Selinunte
dove morì dopo aver annunciato l’adozione di Adriano.
(continua al prossimo numero)
|
|
|
YOU ARE CORDIALLY INVITED TO
ITALIAN FILMS AND OPERA AT THE BOCCE CLUB
A Series of Classic Italian Films and Great Opera Sponsored by
The Italian Club of St. Louis
Pane e Cioccolato Friday, September
14, 2001
A great film about an Italian immigrant worker in Switzerland, played
by Nino Manfredi, and the problems he had to face. Through almost
no fault of his own, things keep going from bad to worse, but he perseveres
through it all. Introduction by Dr. Carla Bossola
Madama Butterfly Friday, September
28, 2001
The tragic affair of Cio-Cio San and U.S. Navy Lieutenant, B. F.
Pinkerton in turn of the century Nagasaki. A powerful opera with
listener-friendly music and scenery that intensifies the dramatic content
of the work, Butterfly may well be Giacomo Puccini's most familiar and
arguably his best opera. Introduction by Vito Tamboli
In Nome del Papa-Re Friday, October
12, 2001
Manfredi plays a magistrate in a small region under the realm of
Papal rule who faces the legal battle of his life when his own son is accused
of being a terrorist. Justice, mercy, and love become oil-and-water
elements in this wrenching 1977drama. Introduction by Dr. Carla
Bossola
Tosca Friday,
November 2, 2001
Tosca, Puccini’s gripping drama set in the Rome of Napoleonic times,
is full of beautiful melodies, intense passions, love, envy, corruption,
and murder. A dazzling film shot on location in Rome at the Church
of Sant 'Andrea Della Valle, the Palazzo Farnese, and finally at Castel
Sant'Angelo. Introduction by Dorotea Rossomanno-Phillips
Films are in Italian with English sub-titles and start at 7:30 p.m.
At the St. Louis Bocce Club
2210 Marconi Avenue, St. Louis, MO
Admission is Free
For further information call Gene Mariani at 314-352-5484
|
|
Vittorio De Sica in Il generale della Rovere
At The Saint Louis Art Museum
Vittorio De Sica, one of Italy’s greatest film directors and actors,
was born on July 7, 1901, near Naples, Italy. He began his film career
as a young boy appearing in L’affare Clemenceau. Increasingly
drawn towards acting, De Sica joined a stage company, became a successful
matinee idol of the Italian theatre, and repeated that achievement in Italian
films, mostly light comedies.
During the 1940s he turned to directing, making comedies in a similar
vein, but with his fifth film, I bambini ci guardano (The Children Are
Watching Us), in 1942, he revealed an extraordinarily sensitive touch
with actors, especially children. Also, this was the first film that
he made with the writer Cesare Zavattini, with whom he would later make
Sciuscià (Shoeshine), in 1946, and Ladri di biciclette
(Bicycle Thieves) in 1948, two heartbreaking studies of poverty in
postwar Italy that won special Oscars.
After the 1951 box-office disaster of Umberto D., a bleak
study of the problems of old age, he returned to directing lighter work,
and appeared in front of the camera more frequently. Although Ieri,
oggi, domani (Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow) won him another Oscar
in 1965, it was generally accepted that his career as one of the great
directors was over. However, just before he died he made Il giardino
dei Finzi-Contini (The Garden of the Finzi-Continis), a powerful study
of anti-Semitism in Fascist Italy, which won him yet another Oscar, and
his final film Una breve vacanza (A Brief Vacation).
De Sica was influential in the careers of several important screen
stars, including Sophia Loren. He cast her in one of her first film
roles, L'Oro di Napoli (The Gold of Naples--La pizza segment),
and later directed her in La ciociara (Two Women) for which she
won an Academy Award for best actress.
De Sica once confessed “sono stato un regista impegnato ma fare l’attore
è sempre stato per me un bisogno istintivo” (I was a busy director
but acting has always been an instinctive need). Indeed his own acting
career spanned more than fifty years and 165 movies, ending in 1974 with
C'eravamo tanto amati (We all Loved Each Other So Much). Highlights
of his acting career include A Farewell to Arms, 1957, L'Oro
di Napoli (The Gold of Naples-Il giocatore segment) 1954, and the starring
role in Il Generale della Rovere (General della Rovere), 1959.
In commemoration of the 100th anniversary of De Sica’s birth, the
the Italian Club of St. Louis is pleased to co-sponsor the screening of
Il Generale della Rovere on Friday, October 19, 2001, at 7:30 p.m. at The
Saint Louis Art Museum auditorium. This a rare opportunity for our
members and St. Louisans to view what is considered to be one of the highlights
of De Sica’s acting career in which he gives a deeply moving portrayal
of a petty swindler who is jailed by the Nazis and forced to impersonate
a war resistance leader.
Il Generale della Rovere, directed by Roberto Rossellini, won the
Golden Lion as Best Film at the 1959 Venice Film Festival and was nominated
for an Oscar for Best Writing, Story and Screenplay. The film, which
has a running time of 90 minutes, will be presented in Italian with English
subtitles. Dr. Carla Bossola, Italian Club member and lecturer sponsored
by the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, will discuss De Sica’s career
and introduce the film. Tickets are $4 general admission, $3 for
members of The Saint Louis Art Museum or the Italian Club of St. Louis,
and may be purchased at the door.
We hope to see you there!
|
|