SEPTEMBER MEETING
Italian Dialects
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You probably know that many dialects are spoken throughout
Italy, but do you have any idea of how many and how different they actually
are? In our September program we will consider such questions from
a team’s perspective as members Carolyn Stelzer, Carol Lozano,
Salvatore
Sutera, and Baldo Gandolfo examine the fascinating subject of
Italian dialects. First Carolyn and her colleagues will show comparative
examples of different Italian dialects and how they are regionally distributed
throughout Italy.
For purposes of illustration, the presentation will then
focus on the “general” Lombard dialect and the “general” Sicilian dialect
(actually there are many different sub-dialects in each of the two regions).
Examples of words in the two dialects will be compared with each other
and with the corresponding “official” Italian as well as with the basic
Latin, the root of all Italic languages. The presentation will include
a discussion of the origin and evolution of both the Lombard and Sicilian
dialects and a brief reading in each dialect as well as in Italian.
Members of the audience will be asked to participate using
their own dialects. Carolyn Stelzer is a Director of the Italian
Club, a graduate of Fontbonne College, and a member of the St. Ambrose
School Board. Carol Lozano is a Registered Surgical Nurse in practice
at St. Luke’s Hospital. Salvatore Sutera is Professor of Biomedical
Engineering at Washington University. Baldo Gandolfo is an Alumnus
of Washington University and proprietor of Ristorante “Da Baldo.”
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Next Meeting September 20
Cocktails 6:30 PM - Dinner 7:00 PM
Da Baldo's Restaurant
RECAP OF AUGUST MEETING
Pompeii and Herculaneum
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Our heartfelt thanks to Dr. Kevin Herbert, Professor
Emeritus of Classical Studies at Washington University, for his brilliant
slide presentation in which he explained how on August 24, 79 AD, Mount
Vesuvius destroyed and at the same time preserved for all time the Roman
cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum in what was certainly the most famous
volcanic eruption in recorded history. Although the cities lay hidden
for more than 1600 years until discovered in the mid-18th century (official
excavations began only in the mid 19th century), one of the most significant
aspects of the discoveries is the remarkable degree of preservation of
the ancient objects.
Our speaker first described the general effects of the
eruption on the two cities and then focused specifically on life and architecture
of first century Pompeii. Although located relatively close together,
the effects of the eruption on the two cities were quite different:
Pompeii was sealed by 30 meters of hot volcanic ash so its people essentially
asphyxiated and their bodies eventually dissolved under the effects of
the ash. Archaeologists have been able to pour quick-setting plaster
into the cavity where a body had once been, therefore the figures of the
victims that one sees in museums today are castings made of the hollow
spaces left in the hardened ash by the dissolved forms. In addition,
the showers of wet ash and cinder that accompanied the eruption formed
a hermetic seal, preserving many of the public structures, temples, theaters,
baths, and private dwellings. Conversely, Herculaneum and its inhabitants
were covered not by ash but by lava, which, unlike the ashes of Pompeii,
did not dissolve the bodies. As a result, many skeletal forms were
preserved, but the lava cooled into an extremely hard, concrete-like material,
making excavation of the artifacts extremely difficult. For this
and other reasons, extensive restoration of Herculaneum will probably never
be accomplished.
In 70 AD, Pompeii was a remarkably cultured Roman
city with a population of approximately 20,000 people. While Greek
in origin, the city was typically Roman in layout and arrangement, with
the requisite forum, theater, temples to the appropriate Roman gods and
goddesses of the time, a public works building, and two executive offices
(for the unique double system of civic administration favored by the Romans).
Since southern Italy lacks marble, the buildings were generally made of
brick plastered with stucco. Today, many of these important structures
have been restored and can be visited, including, for example, the theater
with its characteristic brick backdrop and storage building for scenery
and costumes located behind the stage. Typically Roman, the theater
was located on flat ground with the seating area built up around it, unlike
Greek theaters that were built on hills and used the slope for the seating
area. Pompeii’s gladiatorial school with its palestra, an
exercise building and swimming pool, has been restored and may also be
visited. The city’s amphitheatre is the oldest extant in the Roman
Empire, dating back to 80 B.C. The marketplace streets had many small
shops and stores, such as bakeries and wine shops, and the streets were
equipped with sidewalks, gutters, and stepping-stones for crossing over
water puddles.
Most interesting were the slides of upper-class private
residences, all built in the atrium style with covered living spaces
enclosing an open outdoor garden and fountain. Particularly beautiful
are the “Villa of the Fawn,” with many gardens, four separate dining areas
(one for each season) and magnificent floor mosaics, and the “Villa of
the Mysteries”, so called because of its murals depicting the initiation
of a young woman into one of the pagan “mysteries” or secret religion,
common in classical Greece and Rome.
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ANNOUNCEMENTS
DANTE STUDY GROUP
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Last spring, the Club initiated a very successful program
to study one of the greatest works of western literature, the Divine
Comedy of Dante Alighieri. Under the direction of Dottoressa
Carla Bossola, Lecturer for the Istituto Italiano di Cultura
and member of the Italian Club, the group studied l’Inferno, the
first canto of the poem. We are now extremely pleased to announce
that the program will continue this fall with the study of il Purgatorio
(the second canto) again under Carla’s talented guidance.
Our format will remain the same. Carla’s lectures
will be in Italian but participants may ask questions or make comments
in English. The group will meet on Thursday evenings from 7-8 p.m.
beginning September 28 and ending October 16. There will be no session
on October 19. The location again will be the Southwest Bank.
Attendance is limited to 24 persons. For more information or to make
reservations, please contact Barbara Klein by email at barbara201@aol.com
or by telephone at 618-233-7261 (evenings).
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YOUNG ARTISTS’ MUSICAL COMPETITION
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To encourage knowledge and interest on the part
of promising young artists in contributions by Italians to the arts throughout
history, the Federation of Italian-American Organizations is sponsoring
a Young Artists’ Competition. The focus of this year’s competition,
which will become an annual event, is Italian instrumental works.
There will be three categories of competition: Level I up to 12 years
of age; Level II, 13-18 years old; and Level III, 19-28 years old.
Interested individuals must apply by December 1, 2000. A $500 cash
award will be presented to the winner in each category. Winners would
then perform in a recital to be held in the Spring 2001. For additional
information, please contact the Young Artists’ Competition hotline at (314)
995-1474.
The Italian Club is an active member of The Federation
of Italian-American Organizations and strongly supports this project. |
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ITALIAN FESTIVAL IN COLLINSVILLE, IL
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This cultural and social event will be held on Main Street
in downtown Collinsville September 15-16. The Italian Festival provides
an educational and cultural view of the ethnic characteristics of the community
and the region’s large population of Italian descent. Visitors can
enjoy music, ethnic foods and a variety of special sales and activities.
For more information, check the Collinsville, IL website. |
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COLUMBUS DAY FESTIVAL
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The Italian Club is a participating member of the St.
Louis Columbus Day Association. Each year, the Columbus Day organization
holds a festival at Berra Park on the Hill. This year the festival
will be on Sunday, October 9. For many years, the Club has participated
in the Festival by having a booth. We do this not for the very few
dollars that we make, but rather as a symbol of our support for the work
of the Columbus Day organization and a gesture of solidarity with the overall
Italian-American community.
Generally, a member of the Board of Directors takes on
the responsibility of being in charge of the booth, doing the necessary
planning and organizing, getting workers to help out, and seeing to the
details. This year, for a variety of reasons, no one on the Board
is able to take on this task. Therefore we are asking any member
to accept the responsibility of being in charge of the project.
If you are interested in taking on this task, please call Gene Mariani
at 352-5484 as soon as possible. |
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WELCOME!
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We are very pleased to announce that John Zerbonia
was accepted into Italian Club membership at the August 2000 meeting.
Benvenuto, Giovanni, nel nostro Club! |
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JOSEPH MANGOGNA
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On behalf of the Club, we wish to extend our prayers,
sympathy, and condolences to the family of member Joseph Mangogna who passed
away on July 24, 2000 after an extended illness. Joe was an enthusiastic
member of the Club’s Panettone Players. Members may remember Joe
in his white tuxedo jacket singing, in Italian, the introductory song of
our 1997 production of Amahl and the Night Visitors in which he also played
the role of Melchiorre. He also performed in our 1998 production
of A Christmas Carol – The Last Spirit. Joe had a long history as
a singer and musician. His memorial service had many specific musical
references and was attended by many musicians. His wife, Gerry
Mangogna, said that Joe referred to his performances with the Panettone
Players as “his last hurrah”. |
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L’ANGOLO DEL PRESIDENTE
By Gene Mariani |
NOMINATING COMMITTEE SELECTS OFFICER |
The election of Officers and Directors will be held at the October
meeting. The Nominating Committee recommended the following members
for office. President, Eugene Mariani; Vice President, James
Tognoni; Secretary, Marie Cuccia-Brand; Treasurer, Barbara
Klein; Director, Vito Tamboli. In accordance with our
by-laws, any three regular members may place in nomination the name or
names of any regular member(s) for any officer or director position to
be filled at the election by notifying the Secretary in writing not later
than one week after the date of the September meeting prior to the October
meeting election.
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ADVANCE RESERVATIONS ARE A MUST!
Call for reservations no later than the day
before the meeting! Calling the day of the meeting does not help.
At the August meeting 43 people called and 68 came. This causes problems
for everyone!!!! |
Italiano per piacere |
Giordano Bruno, eretico bruciato, profeta di Copernico
è stato il soggetto della brillante conferenza del Sacerdote
Benedict T. Viviano, OP, Ph.D, secondo il quale Giordano Bruno, insieme
a Tommaso Campanella, è il vero precursore della filosofia moderna.
Giordano Bruno (1548-1600) era un frate domenicano seguace di Copernico
(1473-1543), l’astronomo polacco che aveva spostato il centro del sistema
planetario dalla terra al sole.
Come filosofo Bruno concepì un universo autosufficiente,
indipendente dal dio creatore, che anticipa il panteismo di Spinoza e le
scoperte scientifiche dei secoli successivi. Per queste idee rivoluzionarie
fu condannato come eretico e bruciato vivo a Roma nel Campo dei Fiori.
La riunione si è conclusa con la poesia Ci sei,
di Dion, recitata dal suo autore.
Durante il corso della serata e dell’ottima cena preparata
dai coniugi Gandolfo, Franco Giannotti ha lanciato qualche idea su i futuri
programmi di Italiano per piacere,
che si ripromette di mantenere il livello finora raggiunto.
Arrivederci alla prossima riunione che avrà luogo
il 4 ottobre alle 18.30 (6:30 PM) al ristorante Da Baldo.
Per prenotare chiamate Franco Giannotti alla Venmar
Systems, telefono 314-428-2266, interno 211. Se risponde la segreteria
telefonica, premete il numero 408 e seguite le istruzioni in italiano.
Oppure usate la posta elettronica indirizzandola a Francog@venmar.com.
Siete pregati di prenotare con un po’ di anticipo
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The Italian Club of St. Louis
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I capolavori della poesia italiana
23. Gasparo Gozzi (Venezia 1713 – Padova 1786) è
ricordato soprattutto per la sua attività di giornalista durante
la quale fu collaboratore della Gazzetta Veneta e de L’Osservatore
Veneto. Benché nato in una famiglia nobile veneziana,
in seguito a mutate condizioni economiche fu costretto ad esercitare varie
professioni che gli diedero contatto con un mondo più umile.
Le sue Rime piacevoli e burlesche (1751) sono di gusto satirico.
Qui il Gozzi ironizza su di sé e sulla società a cui appartiene
(i “ranocchi”).
I mantelli, i giubboni e qualche vesta
di Gasparo Gozzi
I mantelli, i giubboni e qualche vesta,
le camicie, le calze ed i calzoni,
le pentole, il paiuolo e gli schidioni1
sono il regno che a me nel mondo resta.
Io non ho punto a far colla tempesta
delle bombe infuocate e de’ cannoni;
sto colla turba cheta de’ coglioni
che non debbono al mondo alzar la testa.
La guerra debbo farla a’ macellai,
a’ venditori del pan lungo e tondo,
a’ facitori di brachesse2 e sai;
in un piatto or aperto, ora profondo,
gli eserciti ordinare de’ cucchiai:
questa è la parte che m’è tocca al mondo.
E perciò mi nascondo
quando un parla di eserciti disfatti,
o di vittorie o di paci o di patti;
e grido: Oh pur siam matti
noi ranocchi, col muso ne’ pantani,
a gracidar di regi e di sovrani!
1 gli spiedi (per arrostire
la carne). 2(Le brache larghe alla
turca).
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LA STORIA D’ITALIA
(Continua dal numero precedente)
14. La Dittatura. Padrone incontrastato
di Roma, Giulio Cesare si accinse all’attuazione delle riforme per la sistemazione
del dominio romano. Dalla battaglia di Munda nel marzo del 45 a.C.
alle idi di marzo nel 44 a.C., Cesare ebbe soltanto un anno per attuare
i suoi progetti di riforma. Lasciò alla plebe il diritto
di nominare i tribuni e gli edili e di promulgare i plebisciti, ma tolse
loro il diritto di associazione e abolì le corporazioni artigiane;
eliminò gli abusi dei funzionari per mezzo della legge de repetundis;
favorì l’elevazione graduale delle popolazioni italiche estendendo
l’allargamento della cittadinanza ai Galli dell’Italia Transpadana;
limitò il lusso; attuì un piano di colonizzazione in
Italia e fuori Italia (ricostruendo Cartagine in Africa e Corinto in Grecia);
agevolò il processo di romanizzazione delle regioni occidentali
preferendo però che le province orientali mantenessero il loro carattere
culturale greco.
Durante la sua dittatura le province romane divennero diciotto, dieci
in occidente (Sicilia, Sardegna, Corsica, Gallia Cisalpina, Illirico, Gallia
Narborese, Gallia Comata, Spagna Citeriore, Spagna Ulteriore, Africa Vetus,
Africa Nova) e otto in oriente (Macedonia, Acaia e Depiro, Creta, Asia,
Bitinia e Ponto, Cilicia e Cipro, Siria, Cerenaica). Questi territori
vennero distribuiti ai veterani e in essi vennero stabilite moltissime
colonie militari.
Giulio Cesare cambiò il corso della storia irrevocabilmente e
definitivamente. Il suo nome, Cesare, è ancora vivo
nel mondo cristiano e islamico dove viene usato come titolo per indicare
il sovrano, l’imperatore, che è il significato della
parola Kaiser in tedesco, tsar nelle lingue slave, e qaysar
nelle lingue del mondo islamico.
Oltre al suo nome è sopravvissuta anche la sua riforma del calendario.
Cesare portò gennaio, agosto e dicembre a 31 giorni e aprile, giugno
settembre e novembre a 30, formando così l’anno di 365 giorni, al
quale veniva aggiunto un giorno ogni 4 anni (anno bisestile) Questo
calendario è ancora in uso nel mondo occidentale, leggermente modificato
dal papa Gregorio XIII e perciò detto calendario gregoriano.
Cesare eccelse non soltanto come genio politico e militare ma come scrittore:
i suoi discorsi, lettere e articoli vari sono andati persi; soltanto i
suoi commentari di guerra sopravvivono: i Commentarii de bello Gallico,
in 7 volumi, scritti nel 52-51 B.c. e i Commentarii de bello civili,
in 3 volumi, scritti probabilmente nel 45 B.c. Il suo stile è
coinciso, dinamico, efficace, come esemplificato dalla famosissima frase
Veni, vidi, vicit.
Ma forse la più straordinaria caratteristica di Cesare è
la sua energia. Scriveva i suoi libri durante le guerre e le rivolte;
attraversò le Alpi durante l’inverno; e fece viaggi lunghissimi:
nel 49 marciò dal Rubicone a Brindisi e da Brindisi alla Spagna.
La sua morte fu dovuta in parte alla sua magnanimità: implacabile
con i nemici barbari, Cesare era invece generoso con i nemici romani, a
cui era solito accordare l’amnistia. Sia Cassio che Bruto, difensori
della repubblica e i più importanti dei 60 congiurati, erano stati
suoi nemici e più tardi amnistiati. Ma tra i congiurati c’erano
anche molti dei suoi ex-seguaci, forse spinti dall’odio per la monarchia
oppure alienati dal suo carattere risoluto e di scarso tatto, tipico di
chi è abituato al comando sul campo di battaglia. Uccidendolo
ne fecero un martire e crearono la fortuna politica dei suoi successori.
(continua al prossimo numero)
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