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SEPTEMBER MEETING
Sacred Spaces: Medieval Tuscan
Altarpieces
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At our September meeting, Mary Beth Carosello will deliver a
slide presentation on Tuscan altarpieces of the medieval period in the
collections of The Saint Louis Art Museum. The research for the presentation
was conducted by Carosello during her tenure as an intern at The Saint
Louis Art Museum for Dr. Judith Mann, Curator of Early Italian Art.
Carosello also did research recently on the topic in Florence, Italy.
Mary Beth is currently enrolled as a graduate student in the Master
of Fine Arts Program at the University of Chicago. She plans to continue
her education and career in Art History. She has a Bachelor of Arts
degree from the University of Missouri, Columbia and spent her junior year
studying in Italy.
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Next Meeting Wednesday, September 19, 2001
Cocktails 6:30 PM - Dinner 7:00 PM
Da Baldo's Restaurant
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RECAP OF AUGUST
MEETING
Painting the Doctors of the
Church
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The August speaker was Ann Torrini, who has been
commissioned to paint the portraits of the 33 Doctors of the Roman Catholic
Church, men of eminent learning and holiness. Ann explained that the painting
process begins with the preparation of the wooden panels (composition boards);
first the boards are sanded and then several coats of gesso are applied
to them. The next step is to select the oil colors, glazes and gold
leaf paint.
Since the subjects could not pose for her and, with the exception of
St. Teresa of Lisieux, she had no portraits of them, Ann researched thoroughly
the lives of the 33 Doctors of the Church to arrive at the “moment of truth”.
She reviewed all elements of their character, the historical context in
which they lived, the specific contributions they made to the Church, their
personal data - country, family, education, motivation - and from this
information she arrived at the image of each person. She began by
making small portraits, selecting the style of painting used during the
time in which they lived, time that ranged from the early 4th century to
the 19th century.
We then had the opportunity to see a slide presentation of the 29 paintings
that Ann has completed. With each slide, Ann gave us a brief biography
of the saint.
The paintings will ultimately be displayed in a museum especially created
for them in Fatima.
THE 33 DOCTORS OF THE CHURCH
ST. ATHANASIUS (297-373). Bishop of Alexandria and opponent of
Arianism.
ST. EPHRAEM THE SYRIAN (306-373). Ecclesiastical writer.
Called Harp of the Holy Spirit.
ST. CYRIL OF JERUSALEM (315-387). Bishop and opponent of Arianism
in the East.
ST. HILARY OF POITIERS (315-368). Bishop. Called The Athanasius
of the West.
ST. BASIL THE GREAT (329-379). Father of monasticism in the East.
(Cappadocian).
ST. GREGORY OF NAZIANZUS (330-390). Called the Christian Demosthenes
because of his eloquence. (Cappadocian).
ST. AMBROSE (340-397). One of the four traditional Doctors of
the Latin Church. Opponent of Arianism in the West. Bishop
of Milan.
ST. JEROME (343-420). One of the four traditional Doctors of
the Latin Church. Father of biblical science.
ST. JOHN CHRYSOSTOM (347-407). Bishop of Constantinople.
Patron of preachers and called Golden-Mouthed because of his eloquence.
ST. AUGUSTINE (354-430). Bishop of Hippo. One of the four
traditional Doctors of the Latin Church.
ST. CYRIL OF ALEXANDRIA (376-444). Patriarch. Opponent
of Nestorianism. Made key contributions to Christology.
ST. LEO I THE GREAT (400-461). Pope. Wrote against Nestorian
and Monophysite heresies and errors of Manichaeism and Pelagianism.
ST. PETER CHRYSOLOGUS (400-450). Bishop of Ravenna. Called
Golden-Worded.
ST. GREGORY I THE GREAT (540-604). Pope. Fourth and last
of the traditional Doctors of the Latin Church. Defended papal supremacy
and worked for clerical and monastic reform.
ST. ISIDORE OF SEVILLE (560-636). Archbishop, theologian, historian.
Regarded as the most learned man of his time.
ST. BEDE THE VENERABLE (673-735). Benedictine priest Father of
English history. (Benedictine).
ST. JOHN DAMASCENE (675-749). Greek theologian. Called
Golden Speaker because of his eloquence.
ST. PETER DAMIAN (1007-1072. Ecclesiastical and clerical reformer.
(Benedictine).
ST. ANSELM (1033-1109). Archbishop of Canterbury. Father
of Scholasticism.
ST. BERNARD OF CLAIRVAUX (1090-1153). Called Mellifluous Doctor
because of his eloquence. (Cistercian).
ST. ANTHONY OF PADUA (1195-1231). Evangelical Doctor. (Franciscan).
ST. ALBERT THE GREAT (1200-1280). Patron of natural scientists;
called doctor universalis, doctor expertus. (Dominican).
ST. BONAVENTURE (1217-1274). Franciscan theologian. Seraphic
Doctor. (Franciscan).
ST. THOMAS AQUINAS (1225-1274). Philosopher and theologian.
Called Angelic Doctor. Patron of Catholic schools and education.
(Dominican).
ST. CATHERINE OF SIENA(1347-1380). Mystic. Second woman
Doctor. (Dominican).
ST. TERESA OF AVILA (1515-1582). Spanish nun and mystic.
First woman Doctor. Joint founder of the Discalced Carmelites along
with ST. John of the Cross. (Discalced Carmelites).
ST.PETER CANISIUS (1521-1597). Jesuit theologian. Leader
in the Counter-Reformation. (Jesuit).
ST. JOHN OF THE CROSS (1542-1591). Joint founder of the Discalced
Carmelites along with ST. Theresa of Avila. Doctor of Mystical Theology.
(Discalced Carmelites).
ST. ROBERT BELLARMINE (1542-1621). Defended doctrine under attack
during and after the Reformation. Wrote two catechisms.
(Jesuit).
ST. LAWRENCE OF BRINDISI (1559-1619). Vigorous preacher of strong
influence in the post-Reformation period.
ST. FRANCIS DE SALES (1567-1622). Bishop, leader in Counter-Reformation.
Patron of Catholic writers and the Catholic press.
ST. ALPHONSUS LIGUORI (1696-1787). Patron of confessors and moralists.
Founder of his order. (Redemptorists).
ST. THERESE OF LISIEUX (1873-1897). French Carmelite nun.
Known as The Little Flower, her autobiographical Story of a Soul has
become a spiritual classic, inspiring millions to follow her "Little Way"
of holiness. Already Patroness of the Missions, she was proclaimed
the third woman Doctor of the Church by Pope John Paul II on October 19th,
1997. (Carmelites).
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L’ANGOLO DEL PRESIDENTE
By Gene Mariani |
WELCOME NEW MEMBER
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We are pleased to announce that Dr. Joseph Muccini was
elected a member of the Italian Club at the August 15 meeting. Dr.
Muccini traces his Italian ancestry from the regions of Sicily and Abruzzi.
He was sponsored for membership by members Dr. Charles and Josephine Barrale.
Welcome, Joseph to our group. We are happy to have you with us.
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SORRY, PETER
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Apologies to Peter Puleo who gave the July meeting presentation
Italy at the First Millennium. It seems that when we summarized the
talk in the August issue of La Rondine, we neglected to provide
any information about the presenter as is usually done. Peccato!
So here it is. Peter Puleo, a long-time member of the Italian Club,
is known far and wide as an intrepid bon vivant, an avid student of history
and world affairs, and a lover of all things Italian. He also is
a graduate in engineering from Washington University and a born salesman.
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ANNOUNCEMENTS
ITALIAN CLUB FILM SERIES
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This year we will both continue and expand the Bocce Club Film Series
by adding performances of Italian opera. For our autumn series we
will have a total of four programs; two films (both featuring actor Nino
Manfredi) and two Puccini operas.
Friday, September 14: Bread and Chocolate (Pane e Cioccolato).
Introduction by Carla Bossola.
A great 1973 film about an Italian immigrant worker in Switzerland
and the problems he had to face. Through almost no fault of his own,
things keep going from bad to worse, but he perseveres through it all.
Friday, September 28: Madama Butterfly. Introduction
by Vito Tamboli.
The tragic affair of Cio-Cio San and U.S. Navy Lieutenant, B. F. Pinkerton
in turn of the century Nagasaki. A powerful opera with listener-friendly
music and scenery that intensifies the dramatic content of the work, Butterfly
may well be Giacomo Puccini's most familiar and arguably his best opera.
Friday, October 12: In the Name of the Pope-King (In
Nome del Papa Re). Introduction by Carla Bossola.
Manfredi plays a magistrate in a small region under the realm of Papal
rule who faces the legal battle of his life when his own son is accused
of being a terrorist. Justice, mercy, and love become oil-and-water
elements in this 1977 wrenching drama.
Friday, November 2: Tosca. Introduction by Dorotea
Rossomanno-Phillips.
Tosca, a gripping drama set in the Rome of Napoleonic times,
is full of beautiful melodies, of intense passions, of love, envy, corruption,
and murder. A dazzling film shot on location in Rome at the Church
of Sant 'Andrea Della Valle, the Palazzo Farnese, and finally at Castel
Sant'Angelo.
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IL GENERALE DELLA ROVERE
AT THE SAINT LOUIS ART MUSEUM
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The Italian Club is pleased to announce that the film Il Generale
della Rovere, starring Vittorio De Sica, will be shown on Friday,
October 19, 2001, at 7:30 p.m. at The Saint Louis Art Museum Auditorium
is a program co-sponsored by the Italian Club of St. Louis and The Saint
Louis Art Museum to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the birth of De
Sica, one of Italy's greatest film directors and actors, who was born on
July 7, 1901, near Naples, Italy.
The screening of Il Generale della Rovere is a rare opportunity
for St. Louisans to view what is considered to be one of the highlights
of his acting career. In this film De Sica gives a deeply moving
portrayal of a petty swindler jailed by the Nazis and forced to impersonate
a war resistance leader. The film, which has a running time of 90
minutes, will be presented in Italian with English subtitles. Dr.
Carla Bossola will discuss De Sica's career and introduce the film.
A graduate of Rome's Sapienza University, Dr. Bossola is currently teaching
Italian film, language and literature at Washington University and St.
Louis University. Tickets are $4 general admission, $3 for members
of The Saint Louis Art Museum or the Italian Club of St. Louis, and may
be purchased at the door. |
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The Italian Club of St. Louis
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I capolavori della poesia italiana
34. Giacomo Zanella (Chiampo 1820 – Cavazzale 1888)
nacque e visse la maggior parte della sua vita in provincia di Vicenza
dove, nel 1843, prese i voti religiosi ed ebbe una brillante carriera nell’insegnamento.
Nel 1871 diventò rettore dell’Università di Padova.
Questo sonetto fa parte della raccolta intitolata Astichello, il
nome del fiume che scorre a Cavazzale, dove il poeta si ritirò nel
1875 e rimase fino alla morte. Con tocchi bonari e descrittivi il
poeta ritrae il piccolo paese nel giorno di San Luca, il santo protettore.
E’ San Luca
di Giacomo Zanella
E’ San Luca. Due tende1 in sul
sagrato
con nastri a più colori e con flanelle;
due deschi2 con rosolio e con ciambelle,
e vendita di vin sotto un frascato3.
D’un violino allo stridor nel prato
danzanti co’ più giovani le belle;
e sotto l’olmo a scambiarsi novelle
seduto coi più vecchi il buon curato;
un fanciul che s’ingrugna4 ed un che
piange,
se sonora ceffata li rimova5
dal fumante paiuol delle castagne;
e l’ebbro canto di chi fa ritorno
e del suo casolar la via non trova,
chiudono, Luca, il tuo festivo giorno.
1 (le tende dei venditori ambulanti).
2 tavoli. 3
pergola. 4 che fa il broncio.
5 allontana.
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LA STORIA D’ITALIA
(Continua dal numero precedente)
26. Nerva (30 - 98) (Imperatore 96 - 98). Con
Domiziano si estinse la dinastia Flavia che aveva dovuto affrontare e aveva
risolto con successo un difficile periodo di transizione; infatti durante
quell’epoca i Romani erano stati costretti a passare da una politica di
espansione ad una politica di difesa dei confini. L’impero era enorme
e l’esercito non riusciva ad intervenire ovunque sorgessero ribellioni
e tentativi di riconquistare la propria indipendenza da parte delle popolazioni
locali sottomesse dai Romani. Per risolvere questi problemi i Flavi
avevano costruito molte strade per rinforzare le vie di comunicazione e
avevano reclutato elementi indigeni nell’esercito, che non era più
costituito di uomini arruolati occasionalmente, ma da soldati di carriera
ben pagati e presi sul posto di cui conoscevano bene la topografia e le
condizioni climatiche. I Flavi dunque lasciarono ai loro successori,
i cosiddetti cinque buoni imperatori, un impero che avevano consolidato
e rinforzato con la loro accortezza.
Subito dopo l’assassinio di Domiziano fu eletto imperatore Cocceio
Nerva, un uomo già anziano e senza figli discendente da una
famiglia senatoriale, che aveva dato prova di essere un senatore molto
abile. Essendo vissuto sotto quattro imperatori (da Nerone a Domiziano)
e console con due di loro, Nerva aveva imparato a sopravvivere.
Il nuovo imperatore si trovò quasi subito a dover risolvere
il problema della successione per la quale escogitò una soluzione
che fu seguita anche in seguito con ottimi risultati.
Approfittando della vittoria di Marco Ulpio Traiano in Pannonia
nel 97, Nerva lo dichiarò pubblicamente suo successore e collega
consolare senza dare il tempo all’opposizione di protestarne la scelta.
Traiano fu immediatamente dichiarato imperatore con l’aggiunto titolo di
Germanico in onore della sua vittoria.
Nerva è particolarmente ricordato per alcune riforme finanziare.
Per colmare il deficit diede l’incarico a cinque senatori di abolire spese
eccessive, per cui furono aboliti molti giochi, gare e sacrifici.
Inoltre decretò che non fossero costruite statue d’oro o d’argento
in suo onore. Tuttavia elargì terreni del valore di 60 milioni
di sesterzi ai poveri ed esentò genitori e figli dalla tassa del
5% sull’eredità. Diede prestiti ai proprietari di terreni
alla condizione che pagassero un interesse del 5% al comune, destinando
questo denaro al mantenimento dei figli di gente povera.
Questi provvedimenti continuarono ad essere in vigore anche sotto Traiano,
Antonino il Pio e Marc’Aurelio.
(continua al prossimo numero)
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