The Newsletter of The Italian Club of St. Louis
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Luisa Gabbiani Flynn
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September 2002

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Duets in Opera
Augustus, Virgil and the Aeneid
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La Rondine

Volume 6 - Issue 9
Visit our website at www.italystl.com/italianclub
September 2002

SEPTEMBER MEETING
  
DUETS IN OPERA


   The oldest surviving opera, Euridice, by Jacopo Peri, had its first public performance in Florence’s Pitti Palace on October 6, 1600, the day marking the birth of opera as we know it, one of very few art forms whose beginnings can be so precisely established.  Since opera traces its origin to Italy and much of it is associated with Italian performers and composers, the Italian Club presents at least one program on opera annually.  Our September 2002 program will be brought to us by Susan Wohl, who last year presented “Viva Verdi” on the occasion of the centenary of the great composer. 

  Instead of focusing on the work of one composer, this program will look at the subject from an entirely different perspective - duets in opera. 

   The operatic duet is an ensemble for two voices, often used to mark the end of an act or which principal characters (generally lovers) are parted or reunited. 
During our program, a selection of ten pieces will be presented – many, but not all, from the classic Italian repertoire.  To provide an interesting comparison, three areas of duets have been chosen:  woman-woman, man-man, and man-women.  As a bonus we will also hear a trio - two women with a man, and, finally, a man and a woman plus chorus.  Susan Wohl is a lecturer at the Lifelong Learning Institute of Washington University.  She will facilitate “An Operatic Mélange”, an LLI course beginning October 1, 2002. 

 

Next Meeting Wednesday, Septemner 18, 2002 
Cocktails 6:30 PM - Dinner 7:00 PM 
 Da Baldo's Restaurant
RSVP  Marie  Wehrle
 (314) 544-8899
or by email

RECAP OF AUGUST MEETING
  
AUGUSTUS, VIRGIL AND THE AENEID

   Our August speaker was Dr. Anna Amelung who discussed Vergil’s Aeneid, universally acclaimed as the greatest work in all of Roman literature.  Written in the first century B.C., the poem tells of the Trojan warrior, Aeneas who, after the fall of Troy and years of wanderings and tribulations, reached the shores of the Italian peninsula and established what was to become the Roman race.  In the Aeneid, Vergil presents Aeneas as the heroic ancestor of the Romans and as a man whose thoughts, values, and actions should be the model not only for the Romans of Vergil’s time but also for future generations, therefore in the Aeneid, Aeneas is both epic hero and social hero.  The Aeneid was written during the reign of Octavian (a.k.a. Augustus), the first, and arguably the greatest, of all Roman emperors.  After a century of seemingly continuous civil wars, under his leadership the empire finally enjoyed a period of peace during which many Romans began to question the purpose and role of their city.  In his Aeneid, Vergil provided them with an answer:  in addition to describing the origins of the Roman people, his poem has as its central theme the notion that the very existence and subsequent triumph of Rome was something specifically willed by the gods, implying that the mission decreed by the gods for Rome was to bring peace, law and civilization to the entire earth. 

   Moreover, the Aeneid served as clever political propaganda, indicating that it was none other than Augustus who was sent by the Gods to fulfill that heavenly ordained mission.  Conveniently, the fact that Augustus claimed to be of divine origin – being the adopted son of Julius Caesar, who himself claimed descent from the goddess Venus – probably helped to get the point across.  The Aeneid is important in Latin literature - not only because of its epic tale and colossal artistic merit, but also because it embodies the values, hopes, fears, and expectations of the new Empire established by Augustus and because it mirrors the values of the Roman society of the time.  Augustus clearly understood the Romans’ desire for order and peace, which combined with his appreciation of the vital importance of boosting Roman morale and national pride and the need to harmonize all social classes into a universal acceptance of his new regime.  Vergil, on his part, understood with equal clarity the need of Roman society to discover and understand its roots and mythical history. 

   In a masterful presentation, Amelung succinctly summarized Vergil’s epic masterpiece, some 15,000 lines in length, into a sparkling 35 minute slide presentation which told the poem’s story, illustrated many major scenes, characters, and events, probed its multi-level implications, and finally raised some interesting questions regarding seeming contradictions between the poem’s depiction of  “ideal” Roman behavior and certain actions on the part of Aeneas. 
Vergil, actually Publius Vergilius Maro, was born of humble origin in 70 BC in Andes, a small provincial town near Mantua, died in 19 BC at the age of 51, and is buried near Naples.  He loved nature, raised bees, had deeply religious feelings, and remained all his life a farmer at heart. 

   Although of modest means, his parents understood the importance of a good 
education:  Vergil studied first in Mantua, then in Cremona, next he went to Milan and finally to Rome.  His other major poems are the Eclogues (poems dealing with shepherds), published in 37 BC and the Georgics (a sort of farmer’s manual), published in 29 BC.  He spent the last ten years of his life working on the Aeneid, which was unfinished at the time of his death.  He was a careful worker, in fact a perfectionist, and instructed his friends to burn the Aeneid if he should die before completing it; Augustus, however, refused to destroy the poem and saved it for posterity. 

   Anna Amelung, was born in Russi, near Bologna, and received the Laurea in Foreign Languages from the Università di Bologna followed by a Ph.D. in French Literature from Washington University.  After teaching in France, Italy, and at WU, she now teaches Latin and French at University City High School.  She is President of the Classical Club of St. Louis and an active member of the Italian Club.
 

 



  
 

 

L’ANGOLO DEL PRESIDENTE

By Gene Mariani

 
WELCOME NEW MEMBERS

   We are please to announce that Miss Katiuscia O’Brian was elected a member of the Italian Club at the August 21 meeting.  Welcome to the Club, Katiuscia – it is good to have you with us.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 

CONDOLENCES
   On behalf of the Italian Club, we wish to extend our sympathy and condolences to Giuseppe LoMagno, husband of member Carla Bossola, on the death of his mother, Mrs. Giovanna LoMagno, who died on July 4, 2002 in the town of Vittoria (provincia di Ragusa). 
 
 
 
 

 




 
 
 
 
 

 


ANNOUNCEMENTS
 
  
COLUMBUS DAY CORPORATION AWARDS

Congratulations to Italian Club member Frank Borghi on winning the St. Louis Columbus Day Corporation's 2002 Spirit of Columbus Award and to Father Vincent Bommarito on being elected the 2002 Parade Grand Marshall.  A recognition dinner will be held on September 15.  For information or tickets contact Gabriele Lancia (862-0707)
 
 
 
 
 

 


 
FILM AND OPERA SERIES


   The Club’s film and opera series will continue this autumn at the St. Louis Bocce Club in the Hill neighborhood.  There will be two films and two operas as listed below.  Films will be introduced by Carla Bossola and operas by Dorotea Rossomanno-Phillips.  All programs are in Italian with English subtitles and will be held on Friday evenings at 7:30 p.m.

Friday, September 27.  Big Deal on Madonna Street  (L’audace colpo dei soliti ignoti)
A group of bumbling thieves continuously make mistakes as they stumble through their plans to rob a safe in a pawnshop.  Stars Marcello Mastroianni, Toto’, Claudia Cardinale, Vittorio Gassman.  Directed by Mario Monicelli.

Friday, October 11.  La Traviata.
Director Franco Zeffirelli’s lush, scintillating, gorgeous and totally unforgettable version of Giuseppe Verdi’s passionate story of the love affair between the beautiful courtesan Violetta (Theresa Stratas) and the weak Alfredo (Placido Domingo), and his father’s intervention for the sake of the family’s reputation.  Glorious, glorious music – Verdi at his best.

Friday, November 1.  La strada
This noted and widely acclaimed Fellini masterpiece, with its haunting melodic theme by Nino Rota won the 1956 Academy Award for best foreign language film.  A gentle, waif-like simpleton, Gelsomina (Giuletta Masina) is sold by her impoverished family into a “marriage” to the brutish Zampanò (Anthony Quinn), a small-time circus strong man. 

Friday, November 15.  Rigoletto
Verdi’s masterpiece of intriguing twists, turns, vendettas, seduction, and betrayal.  The unhappy plight of court jester Rigoletto, his ill-fated daughter, Gilda, and the debonair but ruthless Duke of Mantua (Luciano Pavarotti), all told to some of the most glorious melodies, arias, and choruses ever written.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 



 
Regata storica


   The Historical Regatta (Regata Storica) is the most typically Venetian rowing race along the scenic Canal Grande.  It is a spectacular competition whose origins are the rowing races that were always popular in Venice, since it was considered vital for the city to have expert oarsmen.  The Regata Storica, raced in Venice every year on the first Sunday of September, is the most important row race and is preceded by a beautiful cortege of historical boats, with crews dressed in historical and traditional costumes. 

   In ancient times, before each race, it was necessary to have a fleet of bissone (typical long boats) to precede the race and keep order.  These boats still take part in the parade but no longer perform a "police" function. 

   The traditional reference points of the regatta are: the spagheto, a rope stretched across the starting point in front of the public gardens; the paleto, a pole driven into the centre of the Grand  Canal  in front of the Church of Sant'Andrea de la Zirada, around which the boats must turn before going back up to the course, and the machina, a construction erected on a wooden raft richly carved, painted and gilded, that marks the finish the race and on which the prize-giving ceremonies are held. 

   These regattas, which were gradually transformed, are still held today with all the enthusiasm of past times, the Historical Regatta being the most important of all. Held every year on the first Sunday in September, this is the regatta of excellence, enthralling the Venetians and attracting a crowd of enthusiastic tourists. It starts with the Historical Procession, with its parade of XVI century costumes that re-enact the unforgettable arrival in Venice of Caterina Cornaro, Queen of Cyprus.  The finish line is at the bend in the Grand Canal, between Palazzo Balbi and Ca' Foscari. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 

 

  


 

 
 


 
The Italian Club of St. Louis

President:  Gene Mariani  EMariani@aol.com
Vice-President: James Tognoni JTognoni7@aol.com
Treasurer:  Barbara Klein 
Dan Viele
Barbara201@aol.com
Secretary:  Marie Cuccia-Brand  Mcucciasbj@aol.com
Directors: Carol Lozano 
Vito Tamboli  vtamboli@frewwweb.com
Gloria DiMartino Etling  gloandcho@hotmail.com
Program Committee: Gene Mariani  EMariani@aol.com
Tony Perrone  perrone@lindenwood.edu
Pete Puleo  papuleo@prodigy.net
Vito Tamboli vtamboli@frewwweb.com
Patty Viviano  pattyt@hntlgh.com
Newsletter:  Luisa Gabbiani Flynn  danisa2@earthlink.net
Website: Franco Giannotti  francog@venmar.com




 

 
 


 
I capolavori della poesia italiana

   Giuseppe Ungaretti  (Alessandria d’Egitto 1888 – Milano 1970) nacque da genitori italiani provenienti da Lucca.  Trascorse la sua giovinezza nel clima multietnico della città egiziana e più tardi si trasferì a Parigi, che a quell’epoca stava attraversando un felice momento culturale.  Allo scoppio della prima guerra mondiale Ungaretti era in Italia e andò al fronte.  Durante il ventennio fascista fu riconosciuto come grande poeta e dopo la seconda guerra mondiale rivestì importanti cariche accademiche.  Molte delle sue poesie, come quella seguente, rivivono le sue esperienze di soldato sul fronte del primo conflitto mondiale.

San Martino del Carso
di Giuseppe Ungaretti

Di queste case
non è rimasto 
che qualche
brandello di muro

Di tanti 
che mi corrispondevano
non è rimasto
neppure tanto

Ma nel cuore
nessuna croce manca

È il mio cuore
il paese più straziato


 Valloncello dell’Albero Isolato il 27 agosto 1916
 

 
 
 
 

LA STORIA D’ITALIA
 
(Continua dal numero precedente)

Emilio Emiliano (207 – 253) (Imperatore 253).  L’impero di Emiliano durò poco più di tre mesi.  Benché il Senato avesse ratificato la sua nomina, i soldati di Gallo e Volusiano avevano proclamato imperatore il loro comandante, Publio Licinio Valeriano, il quale, con un esercito più forte e numeroso di quello di Valeriano, si preparava a combattere per ottenere il titolo di imperatore.  I soldati di Emiliano, sapendo di non essere in grado di vincere, trucidarono Emiliano vicino a Spoleto e si schierarono dalla parte di Valeriano. 

  Valeriano(200 – 260)  (Imperatore 253 - 260) e Gallieno (218 – 268)  (Imperatore 253-268).  Come abbiamo visto precedentemente, il senatore Licinio Valeriano aveva esercitato la carica di censore sotto l’imperatore Decio, una posizione importante e rispettata che lo aveva reso popolare presso i senatori.  Inoltre veniva da nobile e antica famiglia romana, perciò la sua scelta fu sanzionata con entusiasmo dal Senato, che approvò pure quando associò all’impero il figlio Egnazio Gallieno con il titolo di Augusto.  Le continue invasioni e ribellioni ai confini dell’impero convinsero Valeriano che era meglio dividere il potere, per cui diede il governo delle operazioni militari in Occidente al figlio e tenne per sé la parte orientale. 


Benché la storia non gli abbia perdonato le persecuzioni dei Cristiani sia durante l’impero di Decio che durante il proprio impero, Valeriano fu un imperatore saggio e irreprensibile.  In principio Valeriano e Gallieno ebbero abbastanza successo nel proteggere la Gallia contro gli invasori germanici, ma durante gli anni 257-258 le invasioni aumentarono:  in occidente i Franchi entravano nella Gallia e la Spagna e gli Allemanni invadevano l’Italia, mentre nell’oriente i Goti minacciavano l’Asia Minore e i Persiani invadevano la Siria.  Dopo aver fermato l’invasione dei Goti, l’esercito di Valeriano era in pessime condizioni, decimato dalla peste e dalla mancanza di viveri, perciò l’imperatore pensò di venire a trattative con Shapur, il re dei Persiani.  Invitato da Shapur a un convegno, vi si recò con una scorta poco numerosa e fu fatto prigioniero.  Durante la sua prigionia Valeriano subì molte umilaizioni e dopo qualche anno fu ucciso.

   Gallieno, ora il solo imperatore, non seguì la politica del padre nei riguardi dei Cristiani, con i quali concluse trattative di pace che durarono quaranta anni, ma spesso alienò i senatori, che videro il loro potere molto diminuito durante il suo impero; infatti venivano sempre più esclusi dal comando militare che invece veniva dato ai figli dei centurioni. 

   In Gallia, dove le truppe si ribellarono e acclamarono vari imperatori, Gallieno dovette affrontare numerose ribellioni contro la sua autorità, tuttavia per qualche anno riuscì a mantenere la pace e nel 262 celebrò i Decennalia (dieci anni di impero) con molta pompa e con grandi feste.  Sotto di lui l’impero godé di un periodo di tranquillità e di pace mentre la rinnovata ammirazione per la civiltà ellenica portò un rinascimento delle arti e della filosofia, di cui il maggior esponente era il filosofo Plotino.  Ma presto le invasioni dei Goti ricominciarono e Gallieno dovette tornare in Grecia, dove fu assassinato a tradimento insieme al figlio e al fratello. 
 

(continua al prossimo numero)
Ed Note:  The entire series, to date, can 
be viewed on this Portal at Storia d'Italia