Monday, May 15,

Italy's Leonardos of Today are Masters of Practical Art - Designers of Everyday Objects

The ANNOTICO Report

When I visited Florence for the first time, I did not suffer Stendhal's Syndrome, the fainting spells that visitors to Florence have been known to suffer when overwhelmed with the enormous volume of beauty of Italian art, BUT I was overwhelmed, and had to leave and visit Venice for a few days to gain my equilibrium before I was able to return.

 

ITALY A LA MODE

The Leonardos of today are masters of practical art - designers of everyday objects from coat racks to clothing

The Montreal Gazzette

Eva Friede

Saturday, May 13, 2006

You might not suffer Stendhal's Syndrome, the fainting spells that visitors to Florence have been known to suffer when overwhelmed with the beauty of Italian art, but the galleries at the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts Italian design show are packed with an imposing array of objects.

Il Modo Italiano, the new show at the museum, celebrates Italy's rich tradition of art and craft with 380 items from the 20th century.

There's a funky little Fiat and the iconic La Mamma chair, swirling, colourful pop playsuits from Pucci and Olivetti typewriters, Alessi coffeepots, paintings, installations, posters and sculptures, including a rather absurd giant bright green cactus that can be used as a coat rack.

Gaetano Pesce, designer of 1969's La Mamma, said the great Italian artists of the 20th century transformed themselves with practical art.

"The Leonardos in the 20th century became the Moschinos, Armanis, Versaces - all the names you know. Great art became more related to expressions like fashion or industrial design.''

Indeed, the words Italian design conjure up beauty, luxury, sophistication and style - for objects and for life.

"Most foreigners endearingly consider Italy the quintessence of style and elegance in all the categories that represent the Good Life, from clothing and household objects to food, bicycles, furniture and fancy cars,'' Paola Antonelli, curator of design at the Museum of Modern Art in New York, writes in the catalogue to the exhibition.

Italy's success, she notes, lies in what she calls the golden media: fashion and domestic interiors.

The Gazette took the opportunity to show contemporary Italian fashion in the museum setting, although there are just a few items of clothing in the show. They include Mariano Fortuny's marvellous pleated "Delphos" gowns from about 1907, three Puccis and Bruna Bini's silver cutout Divertissement dress of 1961.

The fashion represented at the museum is about research into colour and form, said Gampiero Bosoni, a curator of the show and professor at the Milan Politecnico.

Italian fashion itself would require a full show of its own to do it justice, he said.

Still, the world of fashion that we know so well - Armani, Versace, Prada and so on - stems from the same artisanal tradition that took Italy from the beautiful hand-crafted object to a leader in industrial design.

Giorgio Armani, Bosoni recounted, started out at the Milan department store La Rinascente in the 1950s and eventually invented Italian pret-a-porter, bringing quality and style into the era of mass production. Thus, the great createurs of Italian design in the '70s and '80s were able to supply the department stores of Europe and North America, something you can't do with an artisanal system, Bosoni noted

Our notions of Italian fashion include ideas of high quality, high culture and cosmopolitanism, as well as youth and joy, says Pamela Grimaud, a Montreal fashion historian who taught at the Parsons School of Design in New York and has a special interest in the 1940s and '50s.

Grimaud points out there are few design similarities between, say, Prada, Armani and Dolce and Gabbana. "Prada seems to have kind of a wink at the Italian upper-crust, bourgeois culture, but very playful.

Very simple lines but also that beautiful use of Italian colour, cut and quality." Armani, of course, is known for his sleek, understated elegance, for men and women.

And this spring, Dolce and Gabbana did a kitschy '50s gingham and lace farm-girl theme, sexy as always.

That Dolce Vita notion, with the earthy sexuality of film stars like Gina Lollobrigida and Sophia Loren, is how we see Italian women in North America, Grimaud says

The Fellini film was a satire, she pointed out. "But to us, the heck with the satire.

We're so captivated by it - Three Coins in a Fountain, Audrey Hepburn on a Vespa. It's what we love to think of Italy,'' she said.

The hallmarks of Italian fashion are somewhat contradictory, she says: with Versace and Dolce & Gabbana, you have a celebration of sex, youth and excess. Then there's the quiet elegance and luxury of a soft leather jacket or Lora Piano cashmere sweater.

There is also a real confidence with colour in design houses like Pucci and Etro, Grimaud says, that comes from centuries of dexterity with art.

Emilio Pucci was in the right place at the right time, dressing the international jet set in his distinctive bright designs. Two 1957 playsuits in the show belonged to Lauren Bacall.

As for men, Armani - who took the guts out of the jacket - brought to the American public a louche elegance that was possible for Italian men. "There was a real comfort in presenting yourself as someone who can be looked at," Grimaud said.

Armani also helped pave the way for the ascension of American sportswear giants like Donna Karan and Calvin Klein, she says.

"Americans had a natural affinity for a way of dressing and seeing themselves as being young, sporty and without the pretensions you think of with French couture."

An exuberance was infused into Italian art, especially in the '50s and '60s, Grimaud says. The postwar economic miracle that transformed Italy from an agrarian society into a modern consumer society is one of four themes around which the exhibition is organized. The others include boundless optimism, monumentality and rationalism, and the postmodern testing ground.

To Pesce, the essence of Italian design is that there is no separation among types of artistic expression.

"In Italy, it is about mixing. This is the vitality,'' he said.

Guy Cogeval, director of the MMFA, agreed. There is no single design museum in the country because design is everywhere, he said. That made the museum's job difficult: to collect objects for the show, curators had to visit each creator's archives.

"It's part of the culture,'' Cogeval said.

"There is no museum of architecture in Italy but it makes no sense. You have to look around.''

efriede@thegazette.canwest.com

Il Modo Italiano runs at the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts until Aug. 27. The museum has new hours, now including openings Thursday and Friday evenings. Visit mmfa.qc.ca for more information.

ITALIAN DESIGNERS, A TO Z:

Armani, Giorgio. Born in 1934, the designer launched his own collection in 1974 and revolutionized men's and women's fashion, deconstructing the suit, dressing Richard Gere in American Gigolo and discovering the star power of Hollywood.

Cavalli, Roberto. High glamour in gowns, lots of animal prints and extravagantly decorated denim from this designer, who showed his first collection in 1972 and this year was sentenced to jail for tax evasion. A favourite of the Hollywood set.

Dolce and Gabbana. The design team of Domenico Dolce and Stefano Gabbana, who just celebrated 20 years in business together, celebrate sex, romance and the female form. Known for corset tops and dresses, as well as full skirts, floral patterns and sharp tailoring.

Fendi. The house founded by Adele Fendi in 1918 is known for its furs and leathers, particularly the popular baguette bag that ushered in the era of "it" bags in the '90s. Its ready-to-wear clothing is now designed by Karl Lagerfeld of Chanel.

Gucci. Started as a saddlery in Florence in 1906, the company was for many years known for its staid leathers like the double-G logo loafer. Tom Ford, an American, came on board in 1993 and transformed the house into an international fashion force. The current creative director is Frida Giannini.

Missoni. The company founded in 1953 makes knitwear with distinctive zigzag patterns.

Moschino, Franco. 1950-94. Whimsy, colour and provocative designs are the hallmarks of this popular design house.

Prada, Miuccia. Born in 1949, she is the high priestess of Italian fashion, having steered her family's leather company, founded in 1913, to the top of the fashion world. She introduced light nylon handbags and clothing, and uses colour and form in surprising ways. Wildly influential and copied.

Pucci, Emilio. 1914-92. Born a marchese, Pucci dressed the international jet set in colourful pop prints.

Versace, Gianni. 1946-1997. Acknowledged as a brilliant, audacious designer, Versace was gunned down in Miami. His sister, Donatella, now heads design at the company, which continues to (barely) dress Hollywood stars in glitter and chiffon.

Zegna. The maker of fine men's suits from its mills in Trivero uses super-fine wool, so light that it feels like silk.

 

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