Friday, November 17, 2006

Book: "Dear Olivia": Italians in Scotland

The ANNOTICO Report

 

Deals mostly with the pain and sadness resulting from the Incarceration of Italians as Enemy Aliens in Scotland during WWII. (Of course this also took place in the USEngland, Canada, Australia, and all Allied Countries)

 

Then there was the drowning of 486 Italians of the 734  Italians aboard when the ship "Arandora Star" that was transporting the Italians to Canada, was sunk by a German submarine, the U-47 on July 2nd 1940, off the Irish coast.    http://www.scotsitalian.com/internment.htm

 

Also, there were riots and looting of Italian shops all around Edinburgh.

 

Researching for the book proved tough when so many were still so reticent to talk about the period. I think that people thought it best to let it go, to put what happened behind them and try and take their lives on again.

 

At first I thought it was Stoicism. But, it was more tied to Shame of being treated in such a manner.

 

A story of little piece of Italy that took root in city

The Scotsman

Gina Davidson

Thursday November 16, 2006

 

'DID you cry?" It's Mary Contini's first reaction when you mention her new book.

It would take a hard heart to read "Dear Olivia" and not shed a tear - whether through sadness at the death of a baby girl from croup, or in shame at the way her family was treated during the Second World War.

The book traces Mary's and her husband Philip's families as they emigrate from poverty-stricken Italy to Edinburgh and East Lothian to make new lives for their families and then finding their world torn apart through suspicion.

For while Mary and Philip may now be household names in Edinburgh thanks to the famous Valvona & Crolla, her latest book shows that the Italian families were not always so welcome in the Capital.

Indeed one of the most shocking moments comes when Mary's grandfather, father and uncles and countless other Italian immigrants are dragged from their beds, arrested, interned and deported in what must be one of Edinburgh's most shameful periods of history.

It was the summer of 1940 and Mussolini had just joined forces with Hitler, prompting the round-up of all Italian men in Britain. The families in Edinburgh, whose names now seem at home in the city as Jenners - the Crollas, Demarcos, Paolozzis, and many more - were branded "aliens"; the menfolk taken away by detectives in the night, some never to be seen by their families again.

The latter included Mary and Philip's grandfathers, Cesidio Di Ciacca and Alfonso Crolla, who both died when the liner, the Arandora Star, was torpedoed by a German U-boat as it sailed for Canada.

Meanwhile Mary's father Johnny Di Ciacca was interned on the Isle of Man, while Philip's uncle Victor was also held in Saughton.

"I cried researching the book, and I cried again just yesterday when I re-read those chapters, they were the hardest thing I've ever written," says Mary. "So many people in my family were affected by what happened then and have never really talked about it. It's never really been talked about in the Italian community at all.

"Philip's uncle Victor, who died just last year, wouldn't talk to me about it. I think that people thought it best to let it go, to put what happened behind them and try and take their lives on again."

That was something the Crollas and the Di Ciaccas were obviously used to doing.

Alfonso Crolla left the remote mountain village of Fontitune in May 1913, leaving behind his wife Maria and son Domenico. Arriving in Edinburgh, he met up with his brother Giovanni who had already emigrated and found himself living in a cellar below an Elm Row shop. Six months later Maria and baby Domenico were living there too.

But it wasn't long before they opened their own store in Easter Road and Alfonso set about creating the business empire which would see him team up with Ralph Valvona years later, while Maria went on to have six more children.

One of those, Olivia Guiseppina, was just two when she died of croup, leaving the family bereft, until two years to the day of her death another girl was born, also called Olivia, who would be Philip's mother.

Similarly Mary's grandfather Cesidio, quit the village of I Ciccia early in 1914, also heading for Edinburgh and leaving behind his fiancee, Marietta. His career path took him to Cockenzie where he opened a fish and chip shop. As soon as he'd saved enough, he and Marietta married and she joined him, going on to have four children, including Mary's father Johnny.

Both Alfonso and Cesidio worked hard to improve their families' lot and they also fought on the side of the British with the Italian Army during the First World War.

"The fact that they fought alongside Scots really made them feel that their new country was their home," says Mary. "Alfonso used to be invited to lay a wreath at the Armistice Day service in Edinburgh. He became friends with city councillors, and other professional men. That's why it was such a shock that when the second war came along they were classed as aliens. It was as if nothing they had done before counted.

"As a result of what happened the Italian community became closer than ever. We mixed with our cousins and second cousins only. While we played with Scottish children at school, we never socialised outside of that. Of course that's changed now."

Mary, 45, says she had wanted to write the book for ten years, but getting the information proved tough when so many were still so reticent.

"I had a lot of stories from family members - my dad had told me that when he was arrested he had some cheese in his pocket to give to his dad, but he never saw him again.

"Then there were the oral histories held at the Scottish Library in George Square, including some of my uncles. Of course some of it [the book], like the conversations, is fiction, but because I knew some of the people, and I know their offspring, I think I know what they were like and how they spoke."

She adds: "I also used newspaper archives. For instance when Mussolini sent over people to recruit emigres to the Fascist movement, the meetings were reported. I also read Churchill's diaries. He believed Mussolini would be good for Italy, but when he joined with Hitler, well, I think the Italians realised it was a war situation, which might be why they just wanted to forget it afterwards.

"Their shops all around Edinburgh were looted at the time, but they came back because Scotland was their home and they started again.

"I know when my editor read the book she was ashamed at what had happened, but I don't think the Scottish people should feel bad about the riots and things, it was war. And many of them helped the families afterwards to get back on their feet."...

Mary says she didn't let her family read the book before publication, however Philip's mother Olivia has since read it.

"She was very nervous about it because a lot of it is her story, but she said she felt her father was alive again. She was also sad though because her friends were no longer alive to discuss it all.

"But my daughter Olivia, whom the book is written for, is only 11 so she hasn't read it yet. I hope she will when she's older and it will inspire her - especially to respect older people who have had so much happen in their lives which we just don't know about."

 Dear Olivia by Mary Contini is published by Canongate, priced #14.99.

http://living.scotsman.com/people.cfm?id=1691632006

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