Sunday,
March 04, 2007 4:07
Ezio Pinza :
His Crime was Being Italian
The
ANNOTICO Report
Sarah
Goodyear is the granddaughter of Ezio Pinza and
authored this series that appeared 7 years ago.
On
a quiet day in March of 1942, The FBI searched the house of
World Famous Opera Star Ezio Pinza They
arrested him, fingerprinted, and interrogated him, and then they took him
to a detention center on Ellis Islandthe same place he had first entered the
country 15 years earlier. They took away his belt, his tie, and his shoelaces.
He was to remain there in a crowded dormitory for most of that spring.
He was not told
the substance of the charges against him. He was not allowed an attorney in the
hearings on those never-revealed charges. His offense was being an Italian
national, four months shy of his
Other Italians in
Thanks
to Pat Gabriel
When Being Italian
was a Crime
During World War II, some
10,000 Italian immigrants in
The Village Voice
by Sarah Goodyear
April 12 - 18, 2000
This is the way my
grandmother tells it: On a quiet day in March of 1942, two strange men walked
through an unlocked door into the house in Mamaroneck where she lived with my
grandfather and my mother, who was not yet six months old. These men, dressed in
suits and fedoras, did not knock. They did not ring the bell. They came right
in and proceeded up the stairs and into the room where my grandfather was
working. They asked him, "Are you Ezio
Pinza?" He admitted he was. They pulled out their FBI badges. One of them
said, "In the name of the president of the
They searched his house. They put him in a
car. They drove him down to the
He was not told the substance of the charges
against him. He was not allowed an attorney in the hearings on those
never-revealed charges. His offense was being an Italian national, four months
shy of his
My grandfather was a famous man, the leading
basso at the Metropolitan Opera, and his arrest was reported prominently in the
national press. He became
Other Italians in
In an effort to bring the story into the
national consciousness, two New York Congressmen, Democrat Eliot Engel and
Republican Rick Lazio, are sponsoring a bill that would force the government to
publicly acknowledge what happened to the Italian American community during
World War II. The legislation does not ask for remuneration, or even an
apology. Instead, it would force the government to open its files and publish a
list of all who were detained, interned, arrested for curfew violations, or
otherwise persecuted under the executive order. The legislation also calls for
"[a] review of the wartime restrictions on Italian Americans to determine
how civil liberties can be better protected during national emergencies."
And it calls for government financial support of documentaries and exhibits
that would tell the story.
"We're trying to write history
correctly," says John Calvelli, administrative
assistant to Representative Engel. "It's a vindication of what happened to
Italian Americans during the war. I think it's an important story to be
told."
[Let me Preface the next three Paragraphs by
Stating that Prof Philip Cannistraro, who recently
passed, spent most of his life focusing on Italian Fascism, that continued
to remind people of a period of
We in the Jewish community First
ask: Is it good for the Jews? And act according to our best Interests!!! Cannistraro, Jerry Krase, Joe Scorria, among others all affiliated with the Calandra Institute, and/or the American Italian
Historical Association, seem to do just the opposite: "Is it Negative
for the Italians? Then Lets do it !! .
SAD!!!! ]
Not all Italian Americans are convinced the
bill is meaningful or necessary. "I'm not a believer in that
legislation," says Philip Cannistraro, a
historian and professor of Italian American studies at
"
What Cannistraro
calls "reverse prejudice" against Italians also played a role on the
easing of restrictions. "There's a famous
To the descendants of those who were wrongly
imprisoned as enemy aliens, however, the bill's aims sound modest enough. But
bureaucracy moves slowly when national security is not perceived to be at
stake. The legislation, introduced in 1997, just passed the House last
November. Now, 58 years after my grandfather was removed from his home and
thrown into captivity, it awaits action in the Senate.
Supporters of the bill say it's worth waiting
to set the record straight. "Was there one act of sabotage by an Italian
American? No," says Calvelli. "Legally,
what we did is we put people in jail for something they may have done in the
future. The simple fact that the leadership of the United States Army
considered interning 600,000 resident aliens is incredible. I think it's a
precursor to the House Un-American Activities Committee. And as you start
looking at the story, it becomes even more obscene."
identity crisis
Why has this story been hidden for so long?
In my own family, it was a dark chapter that
was rarely discussed. Although I was encouraged to take pride in the musical
accomplishments of my grandfather, who died several years before I was born, it
was not until I was in my teens that anyone told me how his nationality had
affected his life, and the life of his wife and daughter, during the war.
My grandmother, I eventually learned, had
spent much of her time traveling back and forth to
But my grandmother didn't speak with her
daughter about the internment until the 1950s, and then only briefly.
"There was no reason to discuss it," my grandmother, an American
citizen of English descent, says unquestioningly. "We put it out of our
minds and behind us. I didn't tell any of the children until they were grown.
We were so ashamed."
My mother, Clelia Garrity, says her father never talked about the matter with
her or her younger brother and sister. "I seem to remember him saying that
the incident was so distressing that he wanted to forget it completely,"
she says.
That silence was typical in families where
loyalty to
The desire to blend in with the mainstream
culture, for many Italians, meant being silent in other ways as well. Though my
grandfather always spoke English with a heavy accent, he raised his children in
the Waspy enclaves of Westchester and
When my grandfather died in 1957, the story
of precisely what he was thinking on
In fact, he was to go on to even greater
public acclaim after his release, both at the Met and later as the star of the
Broadway show South Pacific. But my mother says that she remembers him
as quiet and solitaryan image that is in sharp contrast to the reputation he
had as a dashing man-about-town before the war. "He was never social or
even outgoing during the years that I knew him," she says. "He was
almost a recluse."
just
the innuendo, ma'am
One look at my grandfather's FBI file
and it's easy to see why he might have chosen to withdraw from society after he
left
The bureau started gathering information in
the case of Ezio Pinza as early as September of 1940,
when it received a letter alleging he "is an active member of the Nazi
party and he expresses openly and vociferously contempt for everything
American. He sounds a serious menace." This informant, whose name is
censored, received a prompt reply from J. Edgar Hoover, promising
"appropriate consideration" of the matter.
The investigation seems to have yielded
little more than assertions
by various parties that my grandfather, whose name the agents had trouble
spelling, admired Mussolinias did many Italians at the timeand that he received
several magazines and letters from Italy at the midtown hotel where he was
living. Nonetheless, he was "considered suspicious" and his movements
in and out of the country were closely monitored.
The case was closed some months later
"in view of the fact that there is no indication of any subversive
activity on the part of subject."
Then came the war.
In February of 1942, an executive order declared all Italians, Germans, and
Japanese in
It soon became apparent that the government's
interest in my grandfather was no joke. Informants, whom my grandmother
believes to have been jealous fellow singers eager to see his career derailed,
stepped up once again. They told tales of his enthusiasm for the Italian war in
There is no indication that my grandfather
ever truly cared about politics at all. Indeed, he seems to have had few
interests outside his work and his family. He did love the country of his
birth, and had served in the Italian armed forces in World War I; his name did
appear on a list of pro-Fascists drawn up by an American anti-Mussolini leader.
But the prominent anti-Fascist Carlo Tresca was firm
in his statement that "Ezio Pinza never has
shown himself to be, directly or indirectly, an agent of Fascism or of
Mussolini."
But for the FBI, in that atmosphere of
newborn wartime hysteria, the prospect of arresting a famous Italian was
perhaps too tantalizing to pass up. They had some people who were willing to
speak up against him. They had a situation in which the protections of the
Constitution were essentially suspended. They didn't need anything else. He was
lucky to be let out after only 11 weeks. True, he was "paroled" on
the condition that he report weekly to "a
reliable
The proposed legislation can't change what
happened to my grandfather, but it reminds us just how quickly a nation can
trade fundamental liberties for a false sense of security. Even today,
What happened to the Japanese, the Italians,
and the Germans in World War II may seem like a historical curiosity, but tell
that to the African woman who spent years in INS custody fighting for political
asylum. Tell that to the Cubans and Haitians who are penned up indefinitely in
American detention camps.
A nation, like a family, has to tend to its
memories. Forgetting has its price.
"We're not asking for money," says Calvelli. "We're asking for education. We're asking
for that to make sure it doesn't happen again, to African Americans or Arab
Americans or anyone else."
[RAA NOTE: BUT it is happening again!!
Both Law Abiding Americans and Foreign suspects are having their Civil Rights
trampled,]
http://www.villagevoice.com/news/0015,goodyear,13994,1.html
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